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1= large number of rivers requiring construction of bridge.
2= hilly terrion where railway tracts are laid through low hills,gaps or tunnels
3= spare population and lack of economics visibility
4= difficulties to lay railway lines on Sandy plains and swamps .
The problems being faced by the railways are as mentioned below ;
1.Old track and poor state rolling stock; The major problem faced by Indian railways is that the tracks are old and outdated. these old tracks cause many serious railway accidents. this has also resulted in speed restrictions.
2. Travel without tickets: A large number of passengers travel without purchasing tickets. indian railways have to bear extra loss of about rs5 crore every year on account of travelling without tickets
3. Railway accidents: The incidence of railway accidents in our country is greater as compared to other countriesa of the world. accidents occur due to the errors and negligence of the employees.
4. Attack on railways : During disturbances or strikes people attack railway stations. this leads to loss of railway property. for instance, there was heavy loss of railways in the movements of west bengal , telangana and assam and other places in the past.
5. Lack of modern management: there is lack of modern management as railway failed to attract suitable talent. it also could not make economic analysis for perspective planning ttariff.
6. Outmoded technology: The rolling stock technology is outmoded. this has made railways incapable of coping with increasing transport demand and of raising and improrving the traffic volume and flows at lower unit cost of operation.
7. Problem of laying double lines: Most of the railway lines are single lines which create great inconvenience to the railway organisation and passengers.
8. Competition with road transport: The competition with road transport is harming the railways. the lack of coordination between railways and road transport has lowered the earning capacity of the railways.